The kidney may be displaced to the pelvis, and Guinard quotes an
instance in which the left kidney was situated in the pelvis, to
the left of the rectum and back of the bladder. The ureter of the
left side was very short. The left renal artery came from the
bifurcation of the aorta and the primitive iliacs. The right
kidney was situated normally, and received from the aorta two
arteries, whose volume did not surpass the two arteries supplying
the left suprarenal capsule, which was in its ordinary place.
Displacements of the kidney anteriorly are very rare.
The ureters have been found multiple; Griffon reports the history
of a male subject in whom the ureter on the left side was double
throughout its whole length; there were two vesical orifices on
the left side one above the other; and Morestin, in the same
journal, mentions ureters double on both sides in a female
subject. Molinetti speaks of six ureters in one person. Littre in
1705 described a case of coalition of the ureters. Allen
describes an elongated kidney with two ureters. Coeyne mentions
duplication of the ureters on both sides. Lediberder reports a
case in which the ureter had double origin. Tyson cites an
instance of four ureters in an infant.
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