Robertson, Rizzoli, Tait, Hamilton, Brodie,
Denis, Dickie, Goyrand, and many others mention extroversion of
viscera from parietal defects. The different forms of hernia will
be considered in another chapter.
There seem to be no authentic cases of complete absence of the
kidney except in the lowest grades of monstrosities. Becker,
Blasius, Rhodius, Baillie, Portal, Sandifort, Meckel, Schenck,
and Stoll are among the older writers who have observed the
absence of one kidney. In a recent paper Ballowitz has collected
213 cases, from which the following extract has been made by the
British Medical Journal:--
"Ballowitz (Virchow's Archiv, August 5, 1895) has collected as
far as possible all the recorded cases of congenital absence of
one kidney. Excluding cases of fused kidney and of partial
atrophy of one kidney, he finds 213 cases of complete absence of
one kidney, upon which he bases the following conclusions: Such
deficiency occurs almost twice as often in males as in females, a
fact, however, which may be partly accounted for by the greater
frequency of necropsies on males. As to age, 23 occurred in the
fetus or newly born, most having some other congenital deformity,
especially imperforate anus; the rest were about evenly
distributed up to seventy years of age, after which only seven
cases occurred.
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