Tomes gives a description of a lower jaw
the development of the left ramus of which had been arrested.
Canton mentions arrest of development of the left perpendicular
ramus of the lower jaw combined with malformation of the external
ear.
Exaggerated prominence of the maxillaries is called prognathism;
that of the superior maxilla is seen in the North American
Indians. Inferior prognathism is observed in man as well as in
animals. The bull-dog, for example, displays this, but in this
instance the deformity is really superior brachygnathism, the
superior maxilla being arrested in development.
Congenital absence of the nose is a very rare anomaly.
Maisonneuve has seen an example in an individual in which, in
place of the nasal appendix, there was a plane surface perforated
by two small openings a little less than one mm. in diameter and
three mm. apart.
Exaggeration in volume of the nose is quite frequent. Ballonius
speaks of a nose six times larger than ordinary. Viewing the
Roman celebrities, we find that Numa, to whom was given the
surname Pompilius, had a nose which measured six inches.
Plutarch, Lyourgus, and Solon had a similar enlargement, as had
all the kings of Italy except Tarquin the Superb.
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