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Spinoza, Benedict De

"The Ethics"


[Ap.III] (Ap3:1) Our actions, that is, those desires which are defined by
man's power or reason, are always good. The rest maybe either
good or bad.
[Ap.IV] (Ap4:1) Thus in life it is before all things useful to perfect the
understanding or reason, as far as we can, and in this alone
man's highest happiness or blessedness consists, indeed
blessedness is nothing else but the contentment of spirit, which
arises from the intuitive knowledge of God: now, to perfect the
understanding is nothing else but to understand God, God's
attributes, and the actions which follow from the necessity of
his nature. (Ap4:2) Wherefore of a man, who is led by reason, the
ultimate aim or highest desire, whereby he seeks to govern all
his fellows, is that whereby he is brought to the adequate
conception of himself and of all things within the scope of his
intelligence.
[Ap.V] (Ap5:1) Therefore, without intelligence there is not rational
life: and things are only good, in so far as they aid man in his
enjoyment of the intellectual life, which is defined by
intelligence. (2) Contrariwise, whatsoever things hinder man's
perfecting of his reason, and capability to enjoy the rational
life, are alone called evil.
[Ap.VI] (Ap6:1) As all things whereof man is the efficient cause are
necessarily good, no evil can befall man except through
external causes; namely, by virtue of man being a part
of universal nature, whose laws human nature is compelled
to, obey, and to conform to in almost infinite ways.


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