[De.XXXV] Benevolence is the desire of benefitting one
whom we pity. Cf. [xxvii] note.
[De.XXXVI] Anger is the desire, whereby through hatred
we are induced to injure one whom we hate.
[xxxix] .
[De.XXXVII] Revenge is the desire whereby we are induced,
through mutual hatred, to injure one who, with
similar feelings, has injured us.
(See II:[xl] Coroll.ii. & Note.)
[De.XXXVIII] Cruelty or savageness (saevitia) is the desire,
whereby a man is impelled to injure one whom we
love or pity.
Explanation.- (E38:1) To cruelty is opposed clemency, which is not
a passive state of the mind, but a power whereby man restrains his
anger and revenge.
[De.XXXIX] Timidity is the desire to avoid a greater evil,
which we dread, by undergoing a lesser evil.
Cf. [xxxix] note.
[De.XL] Daring is the desire, whereby a man is set on to do
something dangerous which his equals fear to attempt.
[De.XLI] Cowardice is attributed to one, whose desire is
checked by the fear of some danger which his
equals dare to encounter.
Explanation.- (E41:1) Cowardice is, therefore, nothing else but the fear
of some evil, which most men are wont not to fear; hence I do not reckon
it among the emotions springing from desire. (2) Nevertheless, I have
chosen to explain it here, because, in so far as we look to the desire,
it is truly opposed to the emotion of daring.
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