(E32:3) Wherefore regret is, strictly speaking a pain opposed
to that pleasure, which arises from the absence of something we hate
(cf. [xlvii] note). (4) But, as the name regret seems to refer to
desire, I set this emotion down, among the emotions springing from desire.
[De.XXXIII] Emulation is the desire of something,
engendered in us by our conception
that others have the same desire.
Explanation.- (E33:1) He who runs away, because he sees others running
away, or he who fears, because he sees others in fear; or again, he who,
on seeing that another man has burnt his hand, draws towards him his own
hand, and moves his body as though his own hand were burnt; such an one
can be said to imitate another's emotion, but not to emulate him; not
because the causes of emulation and imitation are different, but because
it has become customary to speak of emulation only in him, who imitates
that which we deem to be honourable, useful, or pleasant. (E33:2) As to
the cause of emulation, cf. [xxvii] & Note. (3) The reason why this
emotion is generally coupled with envy may be seen from [xxxii] &Note.
[De.XXXIV] Thankfulness or Gratitude is the desire or
zeal springing from love, whereby we endeavour
to benefit him, who with similar feelings of
love has conferred a benefit, on us.
Cf. [xxxix] note and [xl] .
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