(E15:2) For, although we can never be absolutely certain of the issue
of any particular event (II:[xxxi] Coroll.), it may nevertheless happen
that we feel no doubt concerning it. (3) For we have shown, that to
feel no doubt concerning a thing is not the same as to be quite certain
of it ([xlix] note). (E15:4) Thus it may happen that we are affected
by the same emotion of pleasure or pain concerning a thing past or future,
as concerning the conception of a thing present; this I have already shown
in [xviii] , to which, with its note, I refer the reader.
[De.XVI] Joy is pleasure accompanied by the idea of something
past, which has had an issue beyond our hope.
[De.XVII] Disappointment is pain accompanied by the idea of
something past, which has had an issue contrary to
our hope.
[De.XVIII] Pity is pain accompanied by the idea of evil,
which has befallen someone else whom we conceive
to be like ourselves. (cf. [xxii] note, and
[xxvii] note).
Explanation.- (E18:1) Between pity and sympathy (misericordia) there
seems to be no difference, unless perhaps that the former term is used
in reference to a particular action, and the latter in reference to a
disposition.
[De.XIX] Approval is love towards one who has done good to
another.
[De.XX] Indignation is hatred towards one who has done evil
to another.
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