(4) By courage I mean the desire whereby
every man strives to preserve his own being in accordance solely with
the dictates of reason. (5) By highmindedness I mean the desire whereby
every man endeavours, solely under the dictates of reason, to aid men
and to unite them to himself in friendship. (59:6) Those actions,
therefore, which have regard solely to the good of the agent I set clown
to courage, those which aim at the good of others I set down to
highmindedness. (7) Thus temperance, sobriety, and presence of mind in
danger, &c., are varieties of courage; courtesy, mercy, &c., are varieties
of highmindedness. (8) I think I have thus explained, and displayed
through their primary causes the principal emotions and vacillations of
spirit, which arise from the combination of the three primary emotions,
to wit, desire, pleasure, and pain. (59:9) It is evident from what I
have said, that we are in many ways driven about by external causes,
and that like waves of the sea driven by contrary winds we toss to and
fro unwitting of the issue and of our fate. (10) But I have said, that
I have only set forth the chief conflicting emotions, not all that might
be given. (11) For, by proceeding in the same way as above, we can
easily show that love is united to repentance, scorn, shame, &c.
(59:12) I think everyone will agree from what has been said, that the
emotions may be compounded one with another in so many ways, and so many
variations may arise therefrom, as to exceed all possibility of
computation.
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