(4) It
follows, further, from [xxv] , that we are naturally so constituted
as to believe readily in that which we hope for, and with difficulty
in that which we fear; moreover, we are apt to estimate such objects
above or below their true value. (50:5) Hence there have arisen
superstitions, whereby men are everywhere assailed. (6) However, I do
not think it worth while to point out here the vacillations springing
from hope and fear; it follows from the definition of these emotions,
that there can be no hope without fear, and no fear without hope, as I
will duly explain in the proper place. (50:7) Further, in so far as we
hope for or fear anything, we regard it with love or hatred; thus
everyone can apply by himself to hope and fear what we have said
concerning love and hatred.
Prop. [LI] Different men may be differently affected by the same
object, and the same man may be differently affected
at different times by the same object.
Proof.- (51:1) The human body is affected by external bodies in a variety
of ways (II:[Po.iii] ). (2) Two men may therefore be differently affected
at the same time, and therefore (by II:[A.viii] ) may be differently
affected by one and the same object. (3) Further (by (II:[Po.iii] )the
human body can be affected sometimes in one way, sometimes in another;
consequently (by (II:[A.viii] ) it may be differently affected at different
times by one and the same object.
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