(11) But if the evil which he fears be shame,
timidity becomes bashfulness. (39:12) Lastly, if the desire to avoid a
future evil be checked by the fear of another evil, so that the man
knows not which to choose, fear becomes consternation, especially if
both the evils feared be very great.
Prop. [XL] He, who conceives himself to be hated by another,
and believes that he has given him no cause for
hatred, will hate that other in return.
Proof.- (40:1) He who conceives another as affected with hatred, will
thereupon be affected himself with hatred ([xxvii] ), that is,
with pain, accompanied by the idea of an external cause. (2) But,
by the hypothesis, he conceives no cause for this pain except him
who is his enemy; therefore, from conceiving that he is hated by
some one, he will be affected with pain, accompanied by the idea
of his enemy; in other words, he will hate his enemy in return. Q.E.D.
Note.- (40:3) He who thinks that he has given just cause for hatred will
([xxx] & note) be affected with shame; but this case ([xxv] )
rarely happens. (4) This reciprocation of hatred may also arise from
the hatred, which follows an endeavour to injure the object of our hate
([xxxix] ). (5) He therefore who conceives that he is hated by
another will conceive his enemy as the cause of some evil or pain; thus
he will be affected with pain or fear, accompanied by the idea of his
enemy as cause; in other words, he will be affected with hatred towards
his enemy, as I said above.
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